中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
新冠康复后出现咳嗽怎么处理?该如何注意饮食健康?******
康复期如何快速恢复健康
感染新冠病毒康复后出现咳嗽怎么处理?该如何注意饮食健康?如何科学进行锻炼?康复后多久可以献血?国务院联防联控机制组织专家进行解答。
清淡饮食,注意补充蛋白质
“绝大部分人感染新冠病毒7至10天后就进入了康复状态,抗原检测和核酸检测结果都转阴了,但可能遗留一些症状,最多的是咳嗽和嗓子不舒服。”北京中医医院院长刘清泉说,康复期是指核酸检测结果转阴后的7至10天。进入康复期,首先精神上要保持高昂的斗志。有了精气神,身体状态就能快速恢复。
康复期不能大补,也不能大吃大喝。有一部分人感染期间吃饭、睡觉都受到影响,加之冬天到来,觉得需要补一补。刘清泉表示,这种观点是不正确的。从中医角度看,康复后大补对身体不利,容易出问题。大吃大喝对身体的康复也不利,甚至出现“食复”,即不正确吃东西导致疾病复发,比如出现发烧的症状,尤其是青少年更容易出现“食复”。不要大吃大喝,特别是不要吃油腻和肥甘厚味的食物,要清淡饮食,可以每天吃一两个鸡蛋、喝牛奶或者喝粥,多吃蔬菜水果,保证体力恢复。
康复期需适当加强营养。北京大学人民医院感染科主任高燕说,感染者退烧了,食欲会逐渐恢复,因此可以逐渐恢复到正常饮食状态。要加强蛋白质的摄入,因为人体细胞的功能和各个脏器的功能都非常依赖蛋白质,加强蛋白质营养摄入有利于康复。
“康复期会出现咳嗽的症状,没必要用太多药物治疗,可以用一些食疗的方法。”刘清泉说,可以煮点梨汤喝,最好不要放糖,保持梨的自然甜味就可以。按照中医理论,如果咳嗽痰多,煮梨的时候,可以放几粒川贝,喝汤后可以缓解症状;如果痰是白色的,不是特别多,吐出来困难的话,可以放几粒花椒,有利于促进呼吸道修复。
不剧烈运动,放缓生活和工作节奏
“康复期适量运动有利于康复,但不能剧烈运动。”刘清泉说,剧烈运动不但不能促进身体恢复,还可能出现其他问题。一定要根据自己的病情和身体状况做康复运动。可以做一些比较缓和的运动,如八段锦、太极拳等,有利于气血经络运行通畅,正气恢复。运动量不超过自己平时的1/3,之后逐渐增加。
“中青年人在康复期如果有明显的咳嗽、咽痛症状,不要急于锻炼。”高燕说,康复期并不影响中青年人复工复产,但不建议参加高强度的健身运动。康复期间要注意休息,加强营养,促进身体恢复到正常状态。
“60岁以上的老年人康复期不应进行高强度健身运动。”高燕说,老年人本身患有糖尿病、高血压、冠心病等慢性病,平时有锻炼的习惯,感染新冠病毒后康复速度慢,抗原检测虽然转阴了,但呼吸道症状还会持续,如果恢复到平时的锻炼水平,可能不利于康复。
“康复期,生活和工作节奏可以稍微放缓。”刘清泉说,康复期要注意工作节奏,不要想着用几天时间补回感染后落下的工作,最好不要熬夜加班。
康复后参加献血是安全的
“献血不会影响献血者身体健康。”北京市红十字血液中心副主任技师郭瑾说,世界卫生组织认为,人体献血量不超过身体总血量的13%是安全的。例如一个50公斤的健康成年人,体内总血量大约为总体重的8%约4000毫升,如果献血400毫升,只占身体总血量的10%,是比较安全的。人体献血后,生理上有代偿和调节机制,失去的血液会有造血器官将血液补充到血管里,血量会很快恢复正常,维持身体正常的循环血容量。血站都加强了防疫工作,参加献血不会增加感染新冠病毒的风险。
感染新冠病毒后,什么情况下可以参加献血?郭瑾表示,轻型和普通感染者,发热、流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽等上呼吸道症状消失后满7天,同时最后一次抗原检测或核酸检测阳性后7天才可以献血。目前,这与国际上大部分国家在新冠感染康复后参加献血的条件一致。症状消失后,经过7天的康复,身体处于健康状态,参加献血对身体健康没有危害和影响。如果感染者症状比较严重,出现了重症或危重症,康复出院后6个月才能参加献血。
郭瑾说,目前各个血站也加强了管理。如果是康复后参加献血,医护人员会详细了解献血者身体状态,对健康进行综合判断,确保献血者处于身体完全健康的状态下献血,同时也保障血液的安全。
本报记者 申少铁
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)